Gabatarwa:
Kai, wannan ƙira na iya juyar da ƙa'idodin wasan gaba ɗaya a cikin sabbin masana'antar makamashi ta duniya! A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2025, babbar mujallar kasa da kasa Nature ta buga ci gaban juyin juya hali. Tawagar Peng Huisheng/Gao Yue daga jami'ar Fudan ta kasar Sin ta kirkiro wani sabon salobatirin lithium fasahar "farfadowa" fasaha, karya ka'idodin ƙirar al'ada na batirin lithium fiye da shekaru 30, wanda zai iya tsawaita rayuwar batir fiye da sau 10! Batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe na yau da kullun yana riƙe da kashi 96% na ƙarfin sa bayan cajin 11,818 da zagayowar fitarwa! Ka sani, batirin lithium a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi sau 1000-2000.
Menene ma'anar wannan? Tesla ya kasance yana buƙatar maye gurbin baturinsa kowane shekara 6-8, amma yanzu ana iya tuƙa shi tsawon shekaru 60 ba tare da maye gurbinsa ba! Za a iya caje da fitar da iPhone ɗin ku sau 10,000 ba tare da rasa ƙarfi ba!
Ilhamar fasahar gyaran baturi ta fito ne daga maganin ɗan adam
Ta yaya aka haifi wannan abin al'ajabi?
Kamar dai yadda ake magance cututtukan mutane, mukan mayar da hankali ne wajen gyara muhimman batutuwan batura tare da kare lafiyar sassansu, in ji Gao Yue, wani mai bincike a jami'ar Fudan.
Asali, babban dalilin “tsufa” na batir lithium shine asarar ion lithium. Kamar yadda rashin wani sinadari mai gina jiki a jikin mutum zai iya haifar da rashin lafiya haka ma batura na iya samun raguwar aiki saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Babban manufar ƙungiyar shine: Shin zamu iya sake cika ions lithium da suka ɓace a cikin baturi kamar yin allura ga majiyyaci?
AI yana taimakawa karya ta hanyar fasahar daidaita baturi mai mahimmanci
Duk da haka, gano "alurar" da ta dace ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Dole ne wannan kwayar halitta mai ɗaukar kaya a lokaci guda ta cika kusan ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun kadarorin jiki da sinadarai:
- Samun dacewa electrochemical ayyuka da bazuwar ƙarfin lantarki kewayon.
- Dace solubility a electrolyte.
- Yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai.
- Dace acidity, alkalinity, da dauki motsin rai.
- Dole ne samfuran lalata su kasance masu aminci kuma marasa lahani.
- Mafi mahimmanci, ya kamata ya zama mai arha da sauƙi don haɓaka samarwa.
Sirrin wucin gadi yana gano mahimman kayan
Ba tare da wani abin da za a bi ba, ƙungiyar binciken ta juya zuwa hankali na wucin gadi. Sun ƙirƙira kaddarorin kwayoyin halitta kuma sun yi amfani da koyan na'ura don nemo amsoshi daga ɗimbin adadin sinadarai na halitta, ilimin kimiyyar lantarki da bayanan injiniyan kayan aiki.
Aikin wahala ya biya! Bayan shekaru 4 na aiki tukuru, a ƙarshe sun sami mafita mai kyau: CF3SO2Li (lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate). Wannan kwayar halitta kamar ƙaramin jigilar kaya ne, yana ɗauke da electrons na lithium a gefe ɗaya kuma yana fitar da su cikin aminci a matsayin iskar gas a daya gefen bayan an gama sufuri.
Sakamakon gwaji yana da ban tsoro!
A cikin gwajin, baturin da ya karɓi wannan "daidaitaccen magani" har yanzu yana da aiki kusa da matakin masana'anta ko da bayan cajin 12000 zuwa 60000 da zagayowar fitarwa. Wannan ba kawai yana tsawaita rayuwar baturi ba, har ma yana samar da ingantaccen hanyar fasaha don magance matsalar gurɓacewar baturi mai girma.
Mafi ban sha'awa shine cewa wannan fasaha ta buɗe sabbin damammaki:
An aiwatar da tsarin batirin cathode na lithium kyauta tare da ƙarfin lantarki na 3.0V da yawan kuzarin har zuwa 1192 Wh/kg.
Haɓaka baturin jakar sulfur na polyacrylonitrile cathode tare da yawan kuzari na 388 Wh/kg.
Tasirin Juyin Juya Hali
Wannan ci gaban zai canza gaba ɗaya ka'idodin wasan a cikin sabbin masana'antar makamashi:
Zai rage tsadar amfani da motocin lantarki, da rage gurɓacewar muhalli da ke haifar da zubar da batir, da buɗe sabbin dabaru na ƙirar sabbin batura; Abu mafi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa farashin wannan fasaha yana da yawa sosai - ana sa ran za a yi la'akari da kasa da 10% na jimlar kuɗin baturi, wanda ke nufin yana da damar yin amfani da kasuwanci mai girma!
Kamar yadda mai bincike Gao Yue ya ce: Ko dai don tsawaita rayuwar batir ne ko kuma hana yin watsi da shi da kuma gurɓatar muhalli, wannan "madaidaicin magani" yana ba da mafita ta fasaha mai yuwuwa. Wannan bincike ba wai kawai ya nuna irin karfin kirkire-kirkire da kasar Sin ke da shi a fannin samar da makamashi ba, har ma ya sanar da shigowar sabon zamani. Nan gaba kadan, "damuwar baturi" na iya zama tarihi. Bari mu sa ido ga tallan wannan fasahar juyin juya hali da wuri-wuri!
Neman Magana:
Jacqueline:jacqueline@heltec-bms.com/ +86 185 8375 6538
Nasara:sucre@heltec-bms.com/ +86 136 8844 2313
Nancy:nancy@heltec-bms.com/ +86 184 8223 7713
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-28-2025